![]() The oxygen atom product combines with atmospheric molecular oxygen to reform O 3, releasing heat. Ozone (O 3) photolysis produces O and O 2. Ozone in turn is photolysed much more rapidly than molecular oxygen as it has a stronger absorption that occurs at longer wavelengths, where the solar emission is more intense. Radicals produced from the homolytically split oxygen molecules combine with molecular oxygen to form ozone. Molecular oxygen absorbs high energy sunlight in the UV-C region, at wavelengths shorter than about 240 nm. ![]() The mechanism describing the formation of the ozone layer was described by British mathematician Sydney Chapman in 1930. Winds in the stratosphere can far exceed those in the troposphere, reaching near 60 m/s (220 km/h 130 mph) in the Southern polar vortex. Stratospheric temperatures also vary within the stratosphere as the seasons change, reaching particularly low temperatures in the polar night (winter). Temperatures range from an average of −51 ☌ (−60 ☏ 220 K) near the tropopause to an average of −15 ☌ (5.0 ☏ 260 K) near the mesosphere. Near the equator, the lower edge of the stratosphere is as high as 20 km (66,000 ft 12 mi), at midlatitudes around 10 km (33,000 ft 6.2 mi), and at the poles about 7 km (23,000 ft 4.3 mi). The temperature inversion is in contrast to the troposphere, near the Earth's surface, where temperature decreases with altitude.īetween the troposphere and stratosphere is the tropopause border that demarcates the beginning of the temperature inversion. The increase of temperature with altitude is a result of the absorption of the Sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation by the ozone layer. The stratosphere is an atmospheric layer composed of stratified temperature layers, with the warm layers of air high in the sky and the cool layers of air in the low sky, close to the planetary surface of the Earth. The stratosphere ( / ˈ s t r æ t ə ˌ s f ɪər, - t oʊ-/) is the second layer of the atmosphere of Earth, located above the troposphere and below the mesosphere. From Earth's surface to the top of the stratosphere (50 km) is just under 1% of Earth's radius. Diagram showing the five primary layers of the Earth's atmosphere: exosphere, thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere.
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