Individual studies within the review are assessed on their quality (how well they were conducted) and objectivity.Ī written report on search methodology and results is often not included, but where it is it will often not contain the same level of detail as that found in a systematic review. Individual studies are not always assessed for their quality and each study might not be assessed according to the same standards every time. ![]() There may not necessarily be a clear rationale as to why specific research has been included in the review.Ĭlear reasons for including or excluding studies are documented and informed by the research question. It aims to find all the published and unpublished literature from a wide variety of sources in both print and electronic format. A rigorous search plan may not be employed and search results may be selected subjectively. ![]() All the evidence, research or material should be found to answer the specific question.Ī literature search may not always be comprehensive in scope. Searches may be undertaken using one or many sources, but not necessarily in a specific order. The research areas or questions may have a focus around a particular viewpoint or in support of a theory or existing body of knowledge.īegins with a focused, well-defined and precise question. There might be multiple areas of research focus. Topic areas and research questions can be broad. You can find further information on literature reviews on our literature reviews page. If you are undertaking systematic approach to a literature review, however, you might find certain aspects of this guide useful. There is information about the difference between a systematic review and a literature review on this page. Systematic reviews are commonly used by health professionals, but also policy makers and researchers. It is therefore considered an evidence-based approach. Systematic review methodology is explicit and precise because it aims to minimise bias, thereby enhancing the reliability of any conclusions. Systematic reviews will often have a detailed plan known as a protocol, which is a statement of the approach and methods to be used in the review prior to undertaking it. As such, it is highly focused on a particular and explicit topic area with strict research parameters. Completeness of searching determined by time constraints.A systematic review is a firmly structured literature review, undertaken according to a fixed plan, system or method. Rapid reviews: Assessment of what is already known about a policy or practice issue, by using systematic review methods to search and critically appraise existing research. Scoping Reviews: An overview of the literature on a broader topic often done to identify whether a systematic review is feasible. Narrative reviews: Broad perspective on topic (like a textbook chapter), no specified search strategy, significant bias issues, may not evaluate quality of evidence. It will include focus groups, interviews, observations and diaries. ExampleĪ systematic review can be either quantitative or qualitative.Ī quantitative systematic review will include studies that have numerical data.Ī qualitative systematic review derives data from observation, interviews, or verbal interactions and focuses on the meanings and interpretations of the participants. Meta-analysis – A quantitative systematic review that applies statistical analysis. ![]() Based on other types of clinical studies or literature – Best available evidence.Based on randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) – Best evidence.Systematic reviews: Comprehensive with minimized bias, based on specific question and criteria with a pre-planned protocol, evaluates quality of evidence.
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